In SAPUI5, the manifest file, typically named manifest.json, plays a crucial role as the application descriptor. It centralizes the application configuration in a single JSON file, including routing configurations, model definitions, resource bundles for localization, and settings for the application's components and dependencies. This structure streamlines application setup and maintenance, promoting modularity and reusability. The manifest file also facilitates the declaration of application metadata, enhancing the framework's ability to automatically handle many initialization processes, thus simplifying application development and deployment.

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